The Retiring Operator Problem: How to Preserve What Your Team Knows

Dale worked at the same water system for 32 years. He knew which pump seized every winter. He knew why one treatment tank always ran hot. He knew exactly when to call the contractor before equipment failed — not after.

Three months after Dale retired, that pump died. Nobody saw it coming. Nobody knew the signs.

This is happening everywhere. They call it the silver tsunami — an entire generation of water and wastewater operators heading for retirement at the same time. The silver tsunami is hitting water utilities of every size, but small systems feel it worst. The American Water Works Association estimates that 30 to 50 percent of the utility workforce will retire in the next decade. And most of what they know has never been written down. This is the knowledge transfer challenge every small utility is facing — and there's a way to handle it.

We hear it in almost every conversation. "It's all in his head" is the most common thing utility managers tell us. One system in North Carolina told us flat out: "Preventative maintenance data is stored in Bernie's brain." Another said: "If that person was to ever move on to something different, well, we need to do meter reads... it's going to be a struggle."

The good news: you can capture this knowledge before it walks out the door. It takes a few months, not a few years. And you don't need anything fancy to start.

What Actually Walks Out the Door

Here's what you lose when someone like Dale leaves. It's four things, and most utilities only think about the first one:

1. How the equipment actually runs

Your pump specs say X, but in practice it runs Y. Your SCADA system shows one reading, but the operator checks the actual gauge because the sensor drifts. These real-world tweaks and workarounds aren't in manuals — they're in someone's memory. And they should be tied to the asset on a map, not locked in a filing cabinet.

2. When things go wrong and why

Which seasons are hardest on your system? When does pressure drop on the main from the treatment plant? What time of year do leaks spike in the older neighborhoods? An experienced operator sees the pattern before the problem. A new operator runs blind for an entire season — maybe two.

3. What to do when it happens

"If the pressure drops below 45 PSI and it's after 6 PM, call Rodriguez. But if it's before noon, wait an hour first." These rules guide hundreds of small decisions every week. Without them, your new person either overreacts to everything or misses something that matters.

4. Who to call

Your operator knows which contractor actually shows up fast. Which engineer to call for a specific problem. Which supplier will work with you on payment terms. Which state inspector is reasonable and which one isn't. That relationship knowledge has real dollar value — and it disappears overnight.

How to Start the Knowledge Transfer Before They Leave

Start now — don't wait until someone announces their retirement date. Here's how to do it, step by step.

Start here: Have them write it down as they go

Have the retiring operator spend 30 minutes a week documenting one specific thing. Not their whole job — that's overwhelming. Pick one system, one piece of equipment, or one type of call.

Use a simple template. Just ask: "What should the next person know about this?"

Example entries:

• "Backup generator: Start it monthly on the 2nd Tuesday. Let it warm for 10 minutes before load. If it won't start after 2 tries, call Jim at 555-0147, not the supplier — they'll take three days."
• "When pressure drops on the south line: First check the isolation valve near Elm Street. It gets stuck. Usually just needs to be worked back and forth. If that doesn't fix it, then call."

Then: Sit down and ask the hard questions

Have a supervisor or someone who knows the system sit with the operator for 2-3 hour blocks. Go through your key systems one by one: treatment, distribution, storage, customer service, billing anomalies.

Record it on your phone. You don't need fancy equipment — just audio or video. You'll catch things you'd miss in writing. The way they check the gauge. The order they turn the valves. The pause before they say "and this is the part that'll get you."

Ask "Walk me through what you do when X happens" — not "Tell me about X." You want the decision flow, not just the facts.

Next: Build a cheat sheet for the common situations

Take everything you've written down and build a simple cheat sheet for the most common situations. This doesn't need to be fancy. A table works fine:

Print it out. Laminate it. Put it in the truck. Your new operator will use this every day for the first year.

Finally: Have the new person ride along

Before the operator leaves, have the newer team member shadow them during actual work. Not for a day — for weeks. The retiring operator talks through decisions in real time. They mark up the documents you created: "This is wrong" or "You forgot the part about when the valve freezes in January."

This is where the real learning happens. Everything up to this point is preparation. The ride-along is where it clicks.

Where to Put All of This

You don't need special software for this, but the right tools make it easier to keep up with. Here's what we've seen work:

• Google Docs or a typed-up binder: Simple, everyone can access it. Good for written procedures and cheat sheets. Better than a handwritten notebook because anyone can read it.
• Video on your phone: Record the operator walking through a procedure. You'll catch things you'd miss in writing — the way they check the gauge, the order they turn the valves.
• Checklists tied to your assets: If you use software to track your infrastructure, build checklists right into the asset records. When someone opens the pump record, they see "monthly start procedure" right there — not buried in a binder back at the office.

The point: use what your crew will actually look at. A simple system you maintain beats a fancy system you build and ignore.

What Happens When You Don't Do This

You spend the next 18 months answering the same questions over and over. Equipment failures you could have prevented catch you off guard. Your new operator is reactive instead of proactive — fixing what breaks instead of preventing the break. You end up hiring a consultant to tell you what Dale knew for free.

As one utility put it: "Some work was done somewhere at some point in time by somebody." That's what your records look like when knowledge isn't documented. Don't let that be your system.

The silver tsunami isn't coming — it's here. The operators who built these systems are leaving. The question isn't whether you'll lose knowledge. It's how much.

Start Now

Related: Once you've captured what your operators know, you need a place to put it. See why your map and work orders need to live in one system. Still on paper maps? Here's how to get from paper to digital GIS. And if you're evaluating GIS tools, read why ESRI might be overkill for your utility.

You don't need to wait for a retirement announcement. Pick one of your most experienced staff members. Spend the next few months capturing what they know using the steps above. You'll have a stronger team, less downtime, and the peace of mind that critical knowledge isn't locked in one person's head.

We built Ziptility to be the place where this knowledge lives — tied to the asset, on the map, accessible from a phone in the field. Every work order, every note, every photo is linked to the infrastructure it's about. When the next operator pulls up a pump, they see everything that's ever been done to it. It's utility asset management built for small utilities that don't have GIS departments or IT staff.

Want to see how it works? We'll set it up with your actual data. Takes about 45 minutes. Start your free trial or see how it works, or check what it costs for your system.

Related reading:

Why the Smallest Utilities Have the Most to Lose →

The Map Gets Smarter Every Day — Or It Doesn't →